モンテ・デイ・パスキ・ディ・シエナの資本不足浮き彫り　アクシズ教に倒産危機

伊モンテ・パスキの資本不足浮き彫り－欧州銀ストレステスト結果
John Glover、Sonia Sirletti
2016年7月30日 11:10 JST
欧州連合（ＥＵ）の銀行監督機関である欧州銀行監督機構（ＥＢＡ）は29日、主要銀行の最新のストレステスト（健全性審査）の結果を公表した。イタリアの銀行モンテ・デイ・パスキ・ディ・シエナが審査対象の主要51行で唯一、今後３年間で深刻なリセッション（景気後退）に見舞われるシナリオの下で、そのショックを吸収するための資本バッファーが吹き飛ぶ最悪のパフォーマンスとなった。
欧州では苦境に見舞われたイタリアの銀行の危機的な状況を封じ込めようとしてるが、同国財務省は29日、公的な支援は不要だとの立場を表明した。
同シナリオでモンテ・パスキの普通株等ティア１比率はマイナス2.4％に落ち込んだ。審査されたイタリアの銀行５行のうち、ウニクレディトの同比率が7.1％と２番目に悪い結果。
今回のテストは従来と異なり、最低合格ラインは設けられていない。全対象行の３分の２余りが８％を上回る普通株等ティア１比率を確保した。モンテ・パスキに次いでパフォーマンスが悪かったのはアイルランドのアライド・アイリッシュ銀行の4.31％。
https://www.bloomberg.co.jp/news/articles/2016-07-30/OB3TGX6KLVRH01

Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena S.p.A. (Italian pronunciation: [ˈbanka ˈmonte dei ˈpaski di ˈsjɛːna]) (BMPS) is the oldest surviving bank in the world and the Italian third largest commercial and retail bank by total assets, according to research from Ricerche e Studi, using 2014 data.^[2] However, the proposed merger of Banco Popolare and Banca Popolare di Milano would make Banca MPS ranked as the joint-third, using 2015 data (both around €170 billion total assets as at 31 December 2015).
Founded in 1472 by the magistrate of the city state of Siena, Italy, as a "mount of piety", it has been operating ever since. In 1995 the bank (Monte dei Paschi di Siena) was transformed from a statutory corporation to a limited company (Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena), which Fondazione Monte dei Paschi di Siena was the by-product to continue the charity function of the bank. Today Banca MPS has approximately 2,100 branches, 26,000 employees and 4.5 million customers^{[citation needed]} in Italy, as well as branches and businesses abroad. A subsidiary, MPS Capital Services, handles corporate and investment banking.^[3] Banca MPS's largest shareholder was the Fondazione Monte dei Paschi di Siena before the 2013 bailout.

Hidden losses and Bank of Italy bailout (2013)

In 2009, the Santorini and Alessandria operations began creating huge losses. In order to hide them in the bank's financial statements, the top management, including Giuseppe Mussari, the bank president, chose to enter into derivative contracts with Deutsche Bank and Nomura.

2014–present

In March 2014, BlackRock acquired a 5.748 percent stake in the bank.^[23]

Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena S.p.A. (Italian pronunciation: [ˈbanka ˈmonte dei ˈpaski di ˈsjɛːna]) (BMPS) is the oldest surviving bank in the world and the Italian third largest commercial and retail bank by total assets, according to research from Ricerche e Studi, using 2014 data.^[2] However, the proposed merger of Banco Popolare and Banca Popolare di Milano would make Banca MPS ranked as the joint-third, using 2015 data (both around €170 billion total assets as at 31 December 2015).
Founded in 1472 by the magistrate of the city state of Siena, Italy, as a "mount of piety", it has been operating ever since. In 1995 the bank (Monte dei Paschi di Siena) was transformed from a statutory corporation to a limited company (Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena), which Fondazione Monte dei Paschi di Siena was the by-product to continue the charity function of the bank. Today Banca MPS has approximately 2,100 branches, 26,000 employees and 4.5 million customers^{[citation needed]} in Italy, as well as branches and businesses abroad. A subsidiary, MPS Capital Services, handles corporate and investment banking.^[3] Banca MPS's largest shareholder was the Fondazione Monte dei Paschi di Siena before the 2013 bailout.

This fifteenth-century institution originated in Italy and was developed in cities as a reform against money lending,^[1] an early form of organized charity.
The public office was organized and operated by the Catholic Churches and offered financial loans at a moderate interest to those in need.^[2] The organizing principle, based on the benefit of the borrower and not the profit of the lender, was viewed as a lesser evil than money lending.^[1] The organization of the Monte di Pietà depended on acquiring a monte, a collection of funds from voluntary donations by financially privileged people who had no intentions of regaining their money. The people in need would then be able to come to the Monte di Pietà and give an item of value in exchange for a monetary loan. The term of the loan would last the course of a year and would only be worth about two-thirds of the borrower’s item value. A pre-determined interest rate would be applied to the loan and these profits were used to pay the expenses of operating the Monte di Pietà.^[3]
Such organizations spread throughout the continent of Western Europe during the Middle Ages,^[4] a credit to the preaching of Franciscans and their condemnation of usury,^[5] with later support by both Dominican preachers and humanist intellectuals of the fifteenth century.^[6]

Italy

In 1462, the first recorded Monte di Pietà was founded in Perugia. Between 1462 and 1470, an estimated forty more were developed.^[7] The Franciscan Marco di Matteo Strozzi preached about the benefits of a Monte di Pietà in combating usury. He left a set of memoirs that outlined his goal to rid the city of Jewish money lenders and to replace them with Christian pawn shops which allowed the poor to acquire cheap credit.^[8]
In Rome, Pope Sixtus V (1585-90) founded in 1585 the local Monte di Pietà in via dei Coronari. Moved later near Campo de' Fiori to the piazza bearing its name, it still exists.^[9]

England

The first institution was started in 1361 by the Bishop of London, Michael Northburgh, who left 1000 marks of silver for the establishment of a bank that should lend money on pawned objects, without interest, providing that the expenses of the institution be defrayed from its foundation capital. He had the monies deposited in a chest in the body of St Paul's and directed that if in any case at the end of the year the sums borrowed were not repaid, then the preacher at Paul's Cross should in his sermon declare that the pledge would be sold within fourteen days, if not redeemed forthwith.^[10] The capital was eventually consumed, and the bank closed.^[11]

Malta

Main article: Monte di Pietà (Malta)

Malta's Monte di Pietà was set up in 1598, initially under the name Monte di Sant'Anna. It was merged with the Monte della Redenzione degli Schiavi in 1787, becoming known as the Monte di Pietà e Redenzione. The Monte di Pietà is still in operation today as part of the Inland Revenue Department.^[12]

The Monte di pietà was developed on the principle of charity. It was designed to aid less fortunate people by providing an alternative to the socially unaccepted Jewish money lending system.^[26] However, Jewish banks continued to exist with the Monte di Pietà and they each catered to a distinctive clientele.^[27]

しかし・・・