ワクチン接種者がウィルスの変異を促す選択圧を与え更に未接種者より感染を拡大させる

 

Predominance of antibody-resistant SARS-CoV-2 variants in vaccine breakthrough cases from the San Francisco Bay Area, California

Venice Servellita, Mary-Kate Morris, Alicia Sotomayor-Gonzalez, Amelia S. Gliwa, Erika Torres, Noah Brazer, Alicia Zhou, Katherine T. Hernandez, Madeline Sankaran, Baolin Wang, Daniel Wong, Candace Wang, Yueyuan Zhang, Kevin R Reyes, Dustin Glasner, Xianding Deng, Jessica Streithorst, Steve Miller, Edwin Frias, John Hackett Jr., Carl Hanson, Debra Wadford, Susan Philip, Scott Topper, Darpun Sachdev, View ORCID ProfileCharles Y. Chiu

doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.19.21262139

 

Abstract

Associations between vaccine breakthrough cases and infection by SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants have remained largely unexplored. Here we analyzed SARS-CoV-2 whole-genome sequences and viral loads from 1,373 persons with COVID-19 from the San Francisco Bay Area from February 1 to June 30, 2021, of which 125 (9.1%) were vaccine breakthrough infections. Fully vaccinated were more likely than unvaccinated persons to be infected by variants carrying mutations associated with decreased antibody neutralization (L452R, L452Q, E484K, and/or F490S) (78% versus 48%, p = 1.96e-08), but not by those associated with increased infectivity (L452R and/or N501Y) (85% versus 77%, p = 0.092). Differences in viral loads were non-significant between unvaccinated and fully vaccinated persons overall (p = 0.99) and according to lineage (p = 0.09 – 0.78). Viral loads were significantly higher in symptomatic as compared to asymptomatic vaccine breakthrough cases (p < 0.0001), and symptomatic vaccine breakthrough infections had similar viral loads to unvaccinated infections (p = 0.64). In 5 cases with available longitudinal samples for serologic analyses, vaccine breakthrough infections were found to be associated with low or undetectable neutralizing antibody levels attributable to immunocompromised state or infection by an antibody-resistant lineage. These findings suggest that vaccine breakthrough cases are preferentially caused by circulating antibody-resistant SARS-CoV-2 variants, and that symptomatic breakthrough infections may potentially transmit COVID-19 as efficiently as unvaccinated infections, regardless of the infecting lineage.

https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.19.21262139v1

Fully vaccinated were more likely than unvaccinated persons to be infected by variants

Fully vaccinated were more likely than unvaccinated persons to be infected by variants

Fully vaccinated were more likely than unvaccinated persons to be infected by variants

ワクチン接種者の感染者で新変異株に感染した人の割合は78%。ワクチン未接種者の感染者で新変異株に感染した人の割合は48%、、、（爆ｗｗｗｗｗｗｗｗｗｗｗｗ