ラーム・エマニュエル駐日アメリカ合衆国大使

ラーム・イスラエル・エマニュエル（英語: Rahm Israel Emanuel、1959年11月29日 - ）は、アメリカ合衆国の政治家。第55代シカゴ市長、バラク・オバマ政権にて第23代大統領首席補佐官などを歴任した。2021年8月20日にジョー・バイデン大統領により駐日アメリカ合衆国大使に指名された^[1]。

1959年11月29日にイリノイ州シカゴに誕生する。彼の父はイスラエルのエルサレム出身のユダヤ人小児科医であり、母はシカゴ出身のX線技師である。2人は1950年にシカゴで出会った。兄のエゼキエルは医者、弟のアリエルは映画会社では有名エージェントである。

1981年にニューヨーク州のサラ・ローレンス大学を卒業し、1985年にはイリノイ州のノースウェスタン大学に入学した。学部在学中には地元の連邦下院議員の選挙にボランティアで参加した事もある。

また1991年の湾岸戦争ではイスラエル国防軍に民間ボランティアの資格で参加し、イスラエル北部の基地でトラックのブレーキ修理をしていた。つまりイスラエルとの二重国籍を持った「シオニスト」で、自他共に認める「ユダヤ・ロビー」の1人であると反ユダヤ的イデオロギーの強い敵対勢力から中傷されることがある。

エイミー夫人は結婚直前にユダヤ教に改宗してユダヤ人になったため、現在2人の間にはユダヤ人の1男2女の子供がいる。

ビル・クリントン前大統領の大統領選挙に対する貢献から、1993年から1998年までビル・クリントン政権の政策に関する上級補佐官となった。毒舌で攻撃的な面があり、ビル・クリントン政権時代には同僚から「ランボー」（Rahmbo）とのあだ名が付いた程である。また政治ドラマの『ザ・ホワイトハウス』に登場するホワイトハウス次席補佐官ジョシュ・ライマンのモデルだとされている。

1998年にホワイトハウスを去った後、2002年まで投資銀行に勤務していた。MBAを持たず銀行勤務の経験が無かったが、1999年には重役に就任した。

2002年にイリノイ州選出の下院議員となり、2003年から2009年まで3期6年務めた。2006年の下院選挙では選挙対策委員長として、民主党の過半数獲得に尽力した。 

 

 

 Rahm Israel Emanuel (/rɑːm/; born November 29, 1959)^[1] is an American politician who served as the 55th^[2] mayor of Chicago from 2011 to 2019. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the 23rd White House Chief of Staff from 2009 to 2010, and as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Chicago between 2003 and 2009. In August 2021, President Joe Biden nominated Emanuel as the United States Ambassador to Japan.

Born in Chicago, Emanuel is a graduate of Sarah Lawrence College and Northwestern University. Working early in his career in Democratic politics, Emanuel was appointed as director of the finance committee for Bill Clinton's 1992 presidential campaign. In 1993, he joined the Clinton administration, where he served as the assistant to the president for political affairs and as the Senior Advisor to the President for policy and strategy. Beginning a career in finance, Emanuel worked at the investment bank Wasserstein Perella & Co. from 1998 for 2½ years, and served on the board of directors of Freddie Mac. In 2002, Emanuel ran for the seat in the U.S. House of Representatives vacated by Rod Blagojevich, who resigned to become governor of Illinois. Emanuel won the first of three terms representing Illinois's 5th congressional district, a seat he held from 2003 to 2009. As the chair of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee, he oversaw Democratic wins in the 2006 United States House of Representatives elections, allowing the party to gain control of the chamber for the first time since 1994. After the 2008 presidential election, President Barack Obama appointed Emanuel to serve as White House chief of staff.

In October 2010, Emanuel resigned as chief of staff to run as a candidate in Chicago's 2011 mayoral election. Emanuel won with 55% of the vote over five other candidates in the non-partisan mayoral election, succeeding 22-year incumbent Richard M. Daley. At his reelection, although Emanuel failed to obtain an absolute majority in the February 2015 mayoral election, he defeated Cook County board commissioner (and later U.S. Representative) Jesús "Chuy" García in the subsequent run-off election in April. In late 2015, Emanuel's approval rating plunged to "the low 20s"^[3] in response to a series of scandals.^[4] These followed and were attributed to the police shooting of 17-year-old Laquan McDonald, the city's subsequent attempts to withhold a video of the shooting, and the lack of an investigation into the matter.

Emanuel initially announced in October 2017 he planned to run for a third term,^[5] but on September 4, 2018, he reversed his decision and announced that he would not seek a third term due to personal obligations.^[6] The Chicago Tribune assessed Emanuel's performance as mayor as "mixed." At one point, half of Chicagoans favored Emanuel's resignation. He later made steady progress in recovering his political support.^[3] He left office in May 2019 and was succeeded by Lori Lightfoot. In May 2021 it was reported President Joe Biden would nominate Emanuel to serve as the Ambassador to Japan.^[7]

Emanuel's paternal grandfather was a Moldovan Jew who emigrated from Bessarabia.^[8] The surname Emanuel (Hebrew: עמנואל), which means "God is with us", was adopted by their family in honor of his father's brother Emanuel Auerbach, who was killed in 1933 in an altercation with Arabs in Jerusalem.^[9][10]

Emanuel's father, Benjamin M. Emanuel, was a Jerusalem-born^[11] pediatrician at Michael Reese Hospital^[12] who was once a member of the Irgun, a Jewish paramilitary organization that operated in British Mandate Palestine.^[13] His mother, Marsha (née Smulevitz), is the daughter of a West Side Chicago union organizer who worked in the civil rights movement. She briefly owned a local rock and roll club,^[9][14] and later became an adherent of Benjamin Spock's writings. Emanuel's parents met during the 1950s in Chicago.^[14]

Emanuel was born on November 29, 1959, in Chicago, Illinois. His first name, Rahm (רם‎) means high or lofty in Hebrew.^[10] He attended Bernard Zell Anshe Emet Day School in Lakeview for elementary school. He has been described by his older brother Ezekiel, an oncologist and bioethicist at the University of Pennsylvania, as "quiet and observant" as a child.^[12] Ari, his younger brother, is the CEO of Endeavor, an entertainment agency with headquarters in Beverly Hills, California.^[15] Rahm Emanuel also has a younger adopted sister, Shoshana.^[9]

 

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