テニス派＝ジュ・ド・ポーム派＝パヨク

今上天皇@テニス派 via kwout

ジュ・ド・ポーム（フランス語: jeu de paume, 英語: real tennis）は、中世ヨーロッパで成立したラケット状の道具を用いてボールを打ち合う球技で、テニス（ローンテニス）の先駆となったスポーツである。16世紀から17世紀にかけてのフランスおよびイギリスの絶対王政時代に全盛期を迎え、王侯貴族や市民に広く親しまれた。19世紀以降、英語圏では一般にリアルテニスの名で呼ばれている。1908年のロンドンオリンピックの公式競技の1つで、今日ではイギリスをはじめ、フランス、オーストラリア、アメリカに競技人口がいる。





The term "tennis" is thought to derive from the French word tenez, which means "take heed" – a warning from the server to the receiver. Real tennis evolved, over three centuries, from an earlier ball game played around the 12th century in France. This had some similarities to palla, fives, pelota, or handball, in that it involved hitting a ball with a bare hand and later with a glove. This game may have been played by monks in monastery cloisters, but the construction and appearance of courts more resemble medieval courtyards and streets than religious buildings. By the 16th century, the glove had become a racquet, the game had moved to an enclosed playing area, and the rules had stabilized. Real tennis spread across Europe, with the Papal Legate reporting in 1596 that there were 250 courts in Paris alone, near the peak of its popularity in France.^[4]
Royal interest in England began with Henry V (reigned 1413–22) but it was Henry VIII (reigned 1509–47) who made the biggest impact as a young monarch, playing the game with gusto at Hampton Court on a court he had built in 1530, when he was in his late thirties (Born 28 June 1491) and on several other courts in his palaces. His second wife Anne Boleyn was watching a game of real tennis when she was arrested and it is believed that Henry was playing tennis when news was brought to him of her execution.^[5] Queen Elizabeth I was a keen spectator of the game. During the reign of James I (1603–25), there were 14 courts in London.^[6]
In France, François I (1515–47) was an enthusiastic player and promoter of real tennis, building courts and encouraging play among both courtiers and commoners. His successor, Henry II (1547–59), was also an excellent player and continued the royal French tradition. The first known book about tennis, Trattato del Giuoco della Palla was written during his reign, in 1555, by an Italian priest, Antonio Scaino da Salo. Two French kings died from tennis-related episodes – Louis X of a severe chill after playing and Charles VIII after striking his head on the lintel of a door leading to the court in Amboise. King Charles IX granted a constitution to the Corporation of Tennis Professionals in 1571, creating a career for the 'maître paumiers' and, establishing three levels of professionals – apprentice, associate, and master. The first codification of the rules of real tennis was written by a professional named Forbet and published in 1599.^[7]
The game thrived among the 17th-century nobility in France, Spain, Italy, the Netherlands, and the Habsburg Empire, but suffered under English Puritanism, as it was heavily associated with gambling. By the Age of Napoleon, the royal families of Europe were besieged and real tennis, a court game, was largely abandoned.^[8] Real tennis played a role in the history of the French Revolution, through the Tennis Court Oath, a pledge signed by French deputies in a real tennis court, which formed a decisive early step in starting the revolution. During the 18th century and early 19th century, as real tennis declined, new racquets sports emerged in England: rackets and squash racquets.
In Victorian England, real tennis had a revival, but broad public interest later shifted to the new, much less difficult outdoor game of lawn tennis, which soon became the more popular sport, and was played by both genders (real tennis players were almost exclusively male). Real tennis courts were built in Hobart, Australia (1875) and in the United States, starting in 1876 in Boston, and in New York in 1890, and later at athletic clubs in several other cities. Real tennis greatly influenced the game of stické, which was invented in the 19th century and combined aspects of real tennis, lawn tennis and rackets.
Real Tennis has the longest line of consecutive world champions of any sport in the world, dating from 1760.

Victorian court master-builder

A forgotten master of designing, building and restoring real tennis courts was the British Fulham-based builder, Joseph Bickley (1835-1923).^[9] He became a specialist around 1889 and patented a plaster mix to withstand condensation and damp.^[10] Examples of his surviving work include: The Queen's Club, Hampton Court Palace, Jesmond Dene and Petworth House.^[11] There are also examples of his projects in Scotland and in the United States.^[12][13]


アベシンゾーは血統的にはテニス派ですが本人はゴルフ派なんですよ。（爆ｗｗｗｗｗｗｗｗｗｗｗｗ

アベシンゾー＠満州人脈も当然、ハブスブルグとは無縁とは言えないわけで・・・（爆ｗｗｗｗｗ via kwout

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