新たなる超進化型変異種(hyper-evolved variant)がワクチン接種によりイミュノコンプロマイズドホストと化した数十億人の抗原原罪人の中で次から次へと誕生し続ける世界がはじまるお

2023年8月31日木曜日

英米当局のSAN値急低下の原因は「進め六十億火の玉だ！」

https://tokumei10.blogspot.com/2023/08/san_31.html

 

Scientists puzzled by Omicron's origins

Darren Martin, a virologist at the University of Cape Town in South Africa, the country which alerted the world to Omicron's existence, also said it's crucial to understand why and how this variant evolved.

"We need to get serious, find out fast the conditions under which Omicron originated, the mechanisms at play during the assembly of its complement of mutations and figure out how we can minimize the probability of these conditions recurring," he said in an email interview with CBC News.

"The last thing any of us want is another new hyper-evolved [variant of concern] cropping up every few months."

Martin and a team of researchers recently shared early findings regarding the original Omicron lineage, noting more than a dozen of BA.1's high number of mutations are highly rare, suggesting they wouldn't necessarily be helpful to an evolving virus.

Instead, those unique quirks are part of a constellation of mutations which appear to grant Omicron the uncanny ability to spread rapidly between human hosts, leaving other variants in its dust.

What's concerning, Martin said, isn't just that puzzling original Omicron lineage, but the fact that BA.2 and other lineages exist as well — all closely related, yet with unique properties, raising questions over how each evolved fast enough to be discovered by scientists around the same time. 

"How did a virus with a much lower mutation rate than viruses like HIV and influenza manage, in a linear, stepwise, process, to string together such large sets of interacting mutations, when each mutation on its own would have reduced its fitness?" Martin questioned. 

"The conditions under which this evolution occurred might need to be quite different than those of a normal short-term SARS-CoV-2 infection."

Some scientists have theorized that Omicron developed during a long-lasting infection in an immunocompromised patient, or within animal hosts before suddenly spreading back to humans with explosive force. 

However Omicron came to be, its existence — and continual shape-shifting — hints at this virus's capacity for radical evolution if infections remain at high levels around the world.

"It behaves like we could predict," Grandvaux said. "It mutates as it's transmitting."

Jan 26, 2022

https://www.cbc.ca/news/health/omicron-subvariant-ba-2-raises-new-questions-about-puzzling-evolution-of-virus-behind-covid-19-1.6327270

Highly Divergent SARS-CoV-2 Alpha Variant in Chronically ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › pmc
BBO Munnink 著 · 2022 · 被引用数: 3 — Persons with an immune deficiency can be infected with viral pathogens for a prolonged period. This occurrence has been reported for noroviruses (1) but also ...


Risk Assessment Summary for SARS CoV-2 Sublineage ...
https://www.cdc.gov › whats-new
2023/08/23 — ... detected transmission of most other highly diverged lineages, which can arise in immunocompromised persons with prolonged infections.

8-30-2033 Update on SARS CoV-2 Variant BA.2.86
https://www.cdc.gov › whats-new
1 日前 — ... international spread of many other highly diverged lineages, which can arise in immunocompromised persons with prolonged infections.

28 July 2021
Long-Term Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in an Immunocompromised Patient with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Authors: Vítor Borges https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3767-2209, Joana Isidro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8529-9878, Mário Cunha, Daniela Cochicho, Luís Martins, Luís Banha, Margarida Figueiredo, SHOW ALL (24 AUTHORS), João Paulo Gomes https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2697-2399 j.paulo.gomes@insa.min-saude.ptAUTHORS INFO & AFFILIATIONS
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00244-21

Total Citations32Last 6 Months1
Last 12 Months16
Total Downloads4,322Last 6 Months530
Last 12 Months1,054
mSphere
Volume 6, Number 4
25 August 2021

ABSTRACT
Recent studies have shown that persistent SARS-CoV-2 infections in immunocompromised patients can trigger the accumulation of an unusual high number of mutations with potential relevance at both biological and epidemiological levels. Here, we report a case of an immunocompromised patient (non-Hodgkin lymphoma patient under immunosuppressive therapy) with a persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection (marked by intermittent positivity) over at least 6 months. Viral genome sequencing was performed at days 1, 164, and 171 to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 evolution. Among the 15 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (11 leading to amino acid alterations) and 3 deletions accumulated during this long-term infection, four amino acid changes (V3G, S50L, N87S, and A222V) and two deletions (18-30del and 141-144del) occurred in the virus Spike protein. Although no convalescent plasma therapy was administered, some of the detected mutations have been independently reported in other chronically infected individuals, which supports a scenario of convergent adaptive evolution. This study shows that it is of the utmost relevance to monitor the SARS-CoV-2 evolution in immunocompromised individuals, not only to identify novel potentially adaptive mutations, but also to mitigate the risk of introducing “hyper-evolved” variants in the community.
IMPORTANCE Tracking the within-patient evolution of SARS-CoV-2 is key to understanding how this pandemic virus shapes its genome toward immune evasion and survival. In the present study, by monitoring a long-term COVID-19 immunocompromised patient, we observed the concurrent emergence of mutations potentially associated with immune evasion and/or enhanced transmission, mostly targeting the SARS-CoV-2 key host-interacting protein and antigen. These findings show that the frequent oscillation in the immune status in immunocompromised individuals can trigger an accelerated virus evolution, thus consolidating this study model as an accelerated pathway to better understand SARS-CoV-2 adaptive traits and anticipate the emergence of variants of concern.

site://tokumei10.blogspot.com ”イミュノコンプロマイズドホスト”

site://tokumei10.blogspot.com ”イミュノコンプロマイズドホスト”

site://tokumei10.blogspot.com ”イミュノコンプロマイズドホスト”

デンマーク ワクチン二回接種でイミュノコンプロマイズドホストと化した ...
http://tokumei10.blogspot.com › blog-post_23
デンマーク ワクチン二回接種でイミュノコンプロマイズドホストと化した接種者がオミクロン感染する確率は未接種者の4倍以上. 全ワクチン接種者 81.95% 感染者の割合.



デンマーク ワクチン二回接種でイミュノコンプロマイズドホストと ...
https://tokumei10.blogspot.com › blog-post_23
2021/12/23 — 2021年12月23日木曜日. デンマーク ワクチン二回接種でイミュノコンプロマイズドホストと化した接種者がオミクロン感染する確率は未接種 ...



オミクロン株がHIV感染者、類似AIDS患者等のイミュノコンプロマイズ ...
http://tokumei10.blogspot.com › 2022/01 › hivaids
デンマーク ワクチン二回接種でイミュノコンプロマイズドホストと化した接種者がオミクロン感染する確率は未接種者の4倍以上. 全ワクチン接種者 81.95% 感染者の割合.



『現代医療に依存してる人々が存在できなくなる世界』のはじまりかも
http://tokumei10.blogspot.com › blog-post_71
デンマーク ワクチン二回接種でイミュノコンプロマイズドホストと化した接種者がオミクロン感染する確率は未接種者の4倍以上. 全ワクチン接種者 81.95% 感染者の割合.



風邪と闘うT細胞が新型コロナを防御も＝英研究
http://tokumei10.blogspot.com › 2022/01 › deatht
2022/01/12 — 2021年8月16日月曜日 · 2021/12/23 — デンマーク ワクチン二回接種でイミュノコンプロマイズドホストと化した接種者がオミクロン感染する確率は未接種者の4 ...



Judgment Day
http://tokumei10.blogspot.com › 2021/12 › judgment-...
2021/12/19 — 2021年12月18日土曜日. 三回目のブースター接種は実質的にイミュノコンプロマイズドホストと化した二回接種 ...

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