Remember マニラ大虐殺

マニラ大虐殺（マニラだいぎゃくさつ）とは、マニラの戦い (1945年)において発生したとされる虐殺事件。

概要

アメリカは自国の植民地のフィリピンに対してフィリピン独立法を成立させ、表向きの独立を約束していた。1935年11月に独立準備政府が発足、マニュエル・ケソンが大統領に就任したが、その後太平洋戦争（大東亜戦争）が勃発。1942年には日本軍のフィリピン侵攻によってマニラが占領され、ケソンはアメリカに亡命した。この為に、フィリピン国民の多くがマッカーサーの率いる米軍とともに日本軍に抵抗した。それらはアメリカ極東陸軍指揮のものが大半だったが、現地のゲリラ組織も多く存在し、日本軍を悩ませた。
太平洋戦争末期の1945年1月、マニラが在るルソン島に連合国軍が上陸、2月3日、アメリカ軍第1騎兵師団と第37師団がマニラへ突入した。陸軍の第14方面軍司令官山下奉文大将はマニラの無防備都市を宣言する方針であったが、第14方面軍と同じ現地部隊である海軍の第31特別根拠地隊司令官岩淵三次中将や大本営は、マニラ放棄に反対・マニラ死守に固執したため、マニラ海軍防衛隊（マ海防）を中心とする岩淵少将指揮下の陸海軍の混成部隊はマニラに残され、アメリカ軍との間で3週間以上の激しい市街戦を行った。

詳細は「マニラの戦い (1945年)」を参照

当時、マニラ市内には約70万人の市民が残っていた。その多くがアメリカ軍に協力的で、直接ゲリラとして日本軍と戦闘するものもいたという。3月3日に戦闘終結が宣言されたが、それまでに生じた市民の犠牲者が約10万人とされている。
この10万人はマニラの戦いを通じてのフィリピン人犠牲者の数とほぼ同数であり、犠牲者の大半は日本軍に殺されたとする主張であるが 米軍の無差別砲爆撃の犠牲者も大多数にのぼる。戦後、このマニラでの虐殺行為の責任から、山下大将はマニラ軍事裁判で 絞首刑となった。判決には太平洋戦争初期に日本軍に敗れ、フィリピンから追われたマッカーサーの強い影響があったともいわれる（"I came out of Bataan and I shall return"という有名なスピーチをマッカーサーが行ったのは、この時である）。
具体的には聖パウロ大学（サン・パブロ大学）での994名殺害、北部墓地での約2,000名の処刑、サンティアゴ監獄での集団殺害などが極東国際軍事裁判（東京裁判）では主張された。

あれ？日本軍は鬼畜英米や白人による植民地支配からアジアの人々を解放したんじゃなかったんですか？（爆ｗｗｗｗｗｗｗ

The Manila massacre involved atrocities committed against Filipino civilians in the city of Manila, Philippines by Japanese troops during the World War II Battle of Manila (1945). The Manila massacre was one of several major war crimes committed by the Imperial Japanese Army, as judged by the postwar military tribunal. The Japanese commanding general, Tomoyuki Yamashita, and his chief of staff Akira Mutō, were held responsible for the massacre and other war crimes in a trial in late 1945 in Manila. Yamashita was executed on 23 February 1946 and Muto on 23 December 1948.

Prior to the battle, deciding that he would be unable to defend Manila with the forces available to him, and to preserve as large a force as possible to continue defensive operations in the rural mountain Luzon region of the Philippines, General Tomoyuki Yamashita had insisted on a complete withdrawal of Japanese troops from Manila in January, 1945. However, this order was not realized by all forces in the area. Approximately 10,000 Japanese marines under Rear Admiral Iwabuchi Sanji remained in Manila along with 4000 Japanese army stragglers.
In the Battle of Manila from February to March 1945, the United States Army and the Philippine Commonwealth Army advanced into the city of Manila to drive out the Japanese. During lulls in the battle for control of the city, Japanese troops took out their anger and frustration on the civilians in the city. Violent mutilations, rapes, and massacres occurred in schools, hospitals and convents, including San Juan de Dios Hospital, Santa Rosa College, Santo Domingo Church, Manila Cathedral, Paco Church, St. Paul's Convent, and St. Vincent de Paul Church.^[1]:113 Dr Antonio Gisbert told of the murder of his father and brother at the Palacio del Gobernador, saying, "I am one of those few survivors, not more than 50 in all out of more than 3000 men herded into Fort Santiago and, two days later, massacred.^[1]:110 The Bayview Hotel was used as a "rape center".^[2] According to testimony at the Yamashita war crimes trial, 400 women and girls were rounded up from Manila's wealthy Ermita district, and submitted to a selection board that picked out the 25 considered most beautiful. These women, many of them 12 to 14 years old, were then taken to the hotel, where Japanese enlisted men and officers took turns raping them.^[3]
One Japanese order read, "The Americans who have penetrated into Manila have about 1000 troops, and there are several thousand Filipino soldiers under the Commonwealth Army and the organized guerrillas. Even women and children have become guerrillas. All people on the battlefield with the exception of Japanese military personnel, Japanese civilians, Special Construction Units, will be put to death."^{[1]:107–108} Another Japanese order dated 13 February 1945, read, "When Filipinos are to be killed, they must be gathered into one place and disposed of with the consideration that ammunition and manpower must not be used to excess. Because the disposal of dead bodies is a troublesome task, they should be gathered into houses which are scheduled to be burned or demolished. They should also be thrown into the river."^[1]:130

The combined death toll of civilians for the battle of Manila was approximately 100,000 to 500,000, most of which was attributed to massacres by Japanese forces. Some historians, citing a higher civilian casualty rate for the entire battle, suggest that 100,000 to 500,000 died as a result of the Manila massacre on its own, exclusive of other causes.^{[1][4][5][6][7]}


白人植民地支配からの開放（笑）。（爆ｗｗｗｗｗｗｗｗｗｗｗｗｗｗ