英語授業、中学も英語で…２０年度から
読売新聞 12月13日(金)3時45分配信
文部科学省は１２日、中学校の英語授業を原則として英語で行う方針を決めた。高校では今年度から英語で授業が行われているが、生徒に実践的な英語力を身に着けさせるため、より早い段階から実施することにした。指導体制を強化するため、英検などの外部試験を活用し、都道府県ごとに中高の教員の「英語力」を公表する仕組みも設ける。年明けから同省の有識者会議で検討し、２０２０年度からの実施を目指す。
同省では、２０年度から小学校の英語教育の開始時期を現行の５年生から３年生に引き下げ、５、６年生では英語を正式な教科とする方針を決めている。現在の中学校の学習内容を一部取り入れ、基礎的な読み書きを学ぶため、中学校から英語による授業が可能になると判断した。
最終更新:12月13日(金)3時45分
http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20131212-00001473-yom-soci
英語教師を英国から輸入してでも早急に実行すべき。（爆ｗｗｗｗｗ
、、、（ｗ
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Elon Musk's mother, Maye Musk, enjoys significant celebrity status in China, often referred to as a "silver influencer" and admired for her resilience and elegance, inspiring many, especially working women.
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Celebrity Status:
Maye Musk has become a celebrated figure in China, with a large following on Chinese social media platforms like Xiaohongshu (China's equivalent of Instagram) and Douyin (China's equivalent of TikTok).
"Silver Influencer":
She is considered a "silver influencer" due to her graceful aging and continued active lifestyle, which resonates with Chinese audiences, particularly as China faces an aging population.
Brand Ambassador:
Maye Musk has become a sought-after brand ambassador for various Chinese companies, including Oppo, AISE Baobao, and JNBY, attending high-profile events and representing brands.
Memoir:
Her memoir, "A Woman Makes a Plan," has been translated into Chinese and has inspired many readers, especially working women, to redefine societal norms.
Tesla's Praises:
She has been singing Tesla's praises while in China, which has further contributed to her popularity.
Positive Image:
Her positive image could be beneficial for her son Elon Musk's business and political endeavors in China.
Travels to China:
She regularly travels to China, attending fashion shows, promoting traditional crafts, and posing with special Tesla models sold only in Asia.
Resilience and Determination:
Her story of raising three children as a single mother after divorcing Errol Musk at age 31, and her unconventional career path, resonates with Chinese audiences.
Chinese New Year Greeting:
She also shared a Chinese New Year greeting to the world, further solidifying her connection with the Chinese audience.
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Aerosols have a complex relationship with heat waves in the climate crisis: decreasing aerosols lead to more intense and frequent heat waves because their cooling, solar-dimming effect diminishes, while extreme heat can also increase some types of aerosols, further boosting local temperatures. While aerosols have helped mask some warming from greenhouse gases, the reduction of air pollution is now revealing the underlying climate crisis-driven heat, making regions like Western Europe and South Asia more vulnerable.
How Aerosols Influence Heat Waves
Cooling Effect:
Aerosols reflect and scatter solar radiation, preventing it from reaching the Earth's surface, which creates a cooling effect and helps suppress heat waves.
Increased Cloud Formation:
Some aerosols act as cloud condensation nuclei, promoting the formation of more, smaller cloud droplets that can lead to increased cloud cover, further blocking sunlight and providing a cooling effect.
Masking Greenhouse Gas Warming:
The total cooling effect of aerosols has counteracted approximately one-third of global warming, effectively hiding some of the temperature increase caused by greenhouse gases.
The Impact of Decreasing Aerosols
Accelerated Heat Waves:
As air pollution controls lead to fewer aerosols in the atmosphere, this masking effect fades, allowing the underlying warming to be more fully felt. This results in more intense and frequent heat waves.
Increased Vulnerability:
Regions with significant historical air pollution, such as Western Europe and South Asia, may experience a disproportionate increase in heat wave risk as aerosols continue to decline.
Amplified Effects:
Some research suggests that the heat from extreme heat waves can itself increase certain types of aerosols, creating a feedback loop that further enhances local temperatures and degrades air quality.
In Summary
The reduction of aerosols from cleaner air policies, while beneficial for human health and the environment, is revealing a more intense heat wave hazard than previously understood. Understanding these complex aerosol effects is crucial for accurate climate modeling and for developing effective strategies to prepare for future heat wave risks.
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太陽光パネルは暑すぎると発電しないのはなぜですか？
AI Overview
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太陽光パネルは暑すぎると発電効率が低下します。これは、パネル内部のシリコンが熱に弱く、高温になると電圧が著しく低下するためで、一般的にパネルの理想温度は25℃とされており、温度が1℃上がるごとに約0.5％発電効率が下がるという特徴があります。夏場、パネル表面温度が70～80℃に達すると、日射量が豊富でも発電量は落ちてしまうのです。
高温で発電効率が下がる理由
シリコンの特性：
太陽光パネルの主要な材料であるシリコンは、高温になると性能が低下する半導体です。
発電量の計算式：
発電量は電流と電圧の積で表されます。温度が上昇すると電流が増える一方で、それ以上に電圧が低下するため、結果として電力（発電量）が減少します。
2025年度（2025年5月分から2026年4月分）の再生可能エネルギー発電促進賦課金単価は1kWhあたり3.98円（税込）です。この単価は、2024年度（2024年5月分から2025年4月分）の3.49円から引き上げられました。
詳細
2025年度の賦課金単価:1kWhあたり3.98円（税込）。
適用期間:2025年5月分から2026年4月分までの電気料金。
2024年度との比較:2024年度の3.49円から0.49円引き上げられています。
賦課金とは
この賦課金は、再生可能エネルギーの固定価格買取制度（FIT制度）における、再生可能エネルギーで発電された電気の買取りに要した費用を、電気の使用者から集めるためのものです。
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Impacts of Glacier Loss
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